the site rela mentioned is good as a standard library reference, probably the best for cpp in general, but i don't think you can learn C++ by reading STL docs. the best cpp book i know of is
c++ primer 5e (lippman et al). do not confuse with the infamously shitty c++ primer plus which is a completely different and unrelated book. i learned C++ at a young age from a different book, but my experience was solidified by the 4th edition of this. the fifth edition incorporates c++0x changes which you should be aware of, particularly rvalue references (one of the hardest concepts to understand but has many practical applications)
the best C book would obviously be
the c programming language by kernighan and ritchie, i recommend you learn C first, it's easier to go from C to C++ than the other way around. you can always learn inheritance-based OOP later and honestly, after working with type systems like go or haskell's, i find the inheritance paradigm to be... unappealing and brittle. anyway that's just opinion. the point is get k&r if you want to learn C or any derivative.
more advanced C++ books like the STL reference by something something josuttis? are also good to read if you stick to this language in the long term. the C++ programming language by bjarne stroustrup (creator of c++) is a good book but not approachable for a beginner.
be careful where you learn C or C++. these languages are very old and so there is a lot of BAD stuff on the internet about how to learn them. in fact, most books are also shitty. for this reason, there is almost no internet learning resource i would consider trustworthy off the top of my head. javascript, being widely learned but rarely mastered, is another example of this problem (refer: javascript the good parts, douglas crockford). because C has an authoritative master book (k&R which i mentioned earlier), you don't suffer from this problem as much if you just get k&r and read it start to finish. the problem is worse with C++.
python... not a language i speak, but i find once you understand imperative programming in general, you can pick up almost any similar language in a short time unless it requires a significant break of thinking (eg transitioning from imperatives to lisp/haskell can be challenging for a beginner). the main challenge of learning a new language is writing it idiomatically, ie using it in the way it was intended (as opposed to "using a screwdriver like a hammer"). for this, the authority on python is PEP8
http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ in any language, aim to understand it the "right" way. you can write any program in any language, given enough abuse of the language's features, but that generally results in shitty programs. a good ruby style guide: bbatsov/ruby-style-guide on github. go has the effective go paper. haskell - real world haskell is free online and well regarded. etc.
oh and don't develop on windows lol