Regarding speed penalties, I'll propose a baseline of -5BSR for >130, and -10BSR for >138 (in addition to the current -5BSR for >125). These penalties are cumulative, so a 140Spe spread would have a total of -20BSR. This set of penalties seems reasonable as a baseline (roughly 1BSR / 1Spe penalty for each point past 120).
This is stupid. I hate what I'm about to suggest, and it sounds as ridiculous to me as it does to anybody, but after looking at the numbers, it seems that -20 is ultimately not even close to enough of a penalty to make fast spreads balanced comparatively to slow ones.
For example, consider the spread: 120 / 57 / 83 /134 / 68 / 122
This was a spread sunshinefuture was considering before we noticed the speed issue, and you could argue about where some stats are and it its too offensive or all sorts of things, but thats neither here nor there. The issue is that this spread is outclassed by a faster spread with a modest nature, even with a -20 BSR penalty.
120 / 57 / 83 /134 / 68 / 122 with 252 SpA / 4 Def / 252+ Spe, for a BSR of 659.90, is the baseline I'm using and yields stats of:
381 / 135 / 203 /
367 / 172 /
377
120 / 57 / 83 /130 / 68 / 141 with 252+ SpA / 4 Def / 252 Spe, for a BSR of 654.79, models the current system and yields stats of:
381 / 135 / 203 /
394 / 172 /
381
120 / 57 / 83 /123 / 68 / 141 with 252+ SpA / 4 Def / 252 Spe, for a BSR of 638.11, models -20 for outspeeding zama and yields stats of:
381 / 135 / 203 /
379 / 172 /
381
The fast spreads are able to conjure spA seemingly out of thin air. This is showing that -20 is small enough of a penalty that speed is costing less than special attack, which is a problem because speed can be converted to special attack by underinvesting. Ideally, speed should cost more than special attack, as speed comes with the added benefit of being able to run timid if desired, with any amount of investment the mon wants such that it can outspeed whatever it feels like and save as many ev's as are relevant for the team its on. Speed is more flexible than spA in this way, so it should be worth slightly more.
This is why I'd like to propose -15 BSR for >124 speed, -15 BSR for being >129 speed, and -10 BSR for being >137 speed. I'll look a little closer at why those specific values were chosen in a sec, but first let's try the modest vs timid thing.
120 / 57 / 83 / 115 / 68 / 141 with 252+ SpA / 4 Def / 252 Spe, for a BSR of 619.04, models -40 for outspeeding zama and yields stats of:
381 / 135 / 203 /
361 / 172 /
381
Now, compared to the original spread, we're being shorted a net 6 spA while gaining 4 speed, which can be taken out of speed and reinvested in bulk if desired. The special attack is probably(?) better, but the fast spread has the advantage of being able to, for example, run just enough speed to outspeed stratagem and put the ev's saved from the zama matchup into bulk, or run 252+ timid on a meteor beam set to outspeed zamazenta and some scarfers and aide it in sweeping. Of course, this is all casework. Different initial statlines may get different results with this method, but imo a penalty that lets any initial statline squeeze out 4 speed, 12 spA, and flexibility for pretty much nothing by cranking the speed isn't a big enough penalty.
Realistically, if someone tanks a penalty they aren't stopping right at the speed 1 point higher than the penalty because going higher is nearly free. So for example, while the suggestion is -15 BSR for >124 speed, what its really saying is "-15 BSR for 129 speed," which is 1 below the next benchmark. Thus, this table:
| Speed 1 under the next benchmark: | 124 | 129 | 137 | 141 |
| Jump in speed from the previous value above: | | 5 | 8 | 4 |
| Relevant Mons Outsped | Lotta stuff | , , +1 252  |  |  |
| Proposed BSR Penalty (Cumulative) | 0 | -15 BSR | -15 BSR | -10 BSR |
| Justification | | Contains the most matchups, and is the second biggest jump in speed. | A very important matchup, and the biggest jump in speed. | A less important matchup, but we can reliably outspeed almost all of the tier and flex down for ev's. |
It is worth noting that each of these jumps are naturally costing somewhere in the range of 0.3-1.5 BSR from the calculator's sad attempt to penalize speed. I'm not as confident in the individual penalties as I am for the -40 to outspeed zama, so ping me on discord if you have an idea for better numbers, or just rip them apart in thread.