Other 6th Gen Pokemon OU Candidate Speculation Thread

[Prophet]

Lucario and M-Lucario have the same basic 'strategy': it's mega form doesn't bring it something new to play with other than increased stats and ability. Also, it's Mega-form is kinda overshadowed in comparison to the other new shiny mega's.
Scizor is a major utility-master and scout, something that M-Scizor kind of isn't.. Also is overshadowed in comparison to the other mega's.

The increased stats and better ability is exactly what it has to play with. Outpacing stuff you never could have prior as Normal Lucario, able to forego priority, run all out attacking sets and making special sets viable again is a direct result of that.

I don't know man, doesn't seem to be a waste to me. In my opinion, it's probably the *best* Mega Evo teammate besides Kangaskhan right now. It's incredibly versatile in ways that happen to matter right now, unlike normal Lucario who's probably better off sticking to the bread and butter SD set.

 

[sh0ckra]

Prophet:
I say that M-Lucario is a "poor" choice for a mega for two reasons:
1. M-Lucario is simply a Lucario that's bulkier with a useful ability and although it is incredibly strong, it doesn't really bring to the table what regular Lucario can't. In the end, you'll still either run a SD set, a Nasty Plot set or a 4-attack set.
2. Regular Lucario is still plenty useful, might want to pour your single mega into something that ain't too useful without its mega evolution. For example, the gap between the power of normal lucario and m-lucario is small compared to the gap between the power of normal Mawile and M-Mawile or Absol, Banette, Medicham (who were not OU worthy to begin with)

TheMohZone:
Sorry your sarcasm is overwhelming your message, not sure I understand.
I was however taking into consideration that you are not limiting yourself as a team builder in using more than one mega evolution candidate.


And I never said that he is bad, just saying that he is fine without mega evolving.

 

[lordkira]

Prophet:
aI say that M-Lucario is a "poor" choice for a mega for two reasons:
1. M-Lucario is simply a Lucario that's bulkier with a useful ability and although it is incredibly strong, it doesn't really bring to the table what regular Lucario can't. In the end, you'll still either run a SD set, a Nasty Plot set or a 4-attack set.
2. Regular Lucario is still plenty useful, might want to pour your single mega into something that ain't too useful without its mega evolution. For example, the gap between the power of normal lucario and m-lucario is small compared to the gap between the power of normal Mawile and M-Mawile or Absol, Banette, Medicham (who were not OU worthy to begin with)

TheMohZone:
Sorry your sarcasm is overwhelming your message, not sure I understand.
I was however taking into consideration that you are not limiting yourself as a team builder in using more than one mega evolution candidate.


And I never said that he is bad, just saying that he is fine without mega evolving.

You have NO idea how good adaptability in conjunctions with CC/BP is, or the ridiculously good special set, as well as its tremendous speed tier. I anything, the special set is just as good, if not better, than the standard SD set.
Regular Lucario isn't anything special this generation.
Hell, I can even seen regular Lucario falling from OU.
You're really underestimating mega lucario.

Go join the irc and see why all 2000+ rating players believe mega lucario is amazing.

 

[Prophet]

Prophet:
I say that M-Lucario is a "poor" choice for a mega for two reasons:
1. M-Lucario is simply a Lucario that's bulkier with a useful ability and although it is incredibly strong, it doesn't really bring to the table what regular Lucario can't. In the end, you'll still either run a SD set, a Nasty Plot set or a 4-attack set.

It brought something *new* to the table with the fact that it's no longer depending on priority to take out many of the faster, non-choiced threats that gave it some issues back in the previous generation. Many of the base 111s and lower can be dealt with now without relying on priority.

Also, why is that last part a bad thing?

2. Regular Lucario is still plenty useful, might want to pour your single mega into something that ain't too useful without its mega evolution. For example, the gap between the power of normal lucario and m-lucario is small compared to the gap between the power of normal Mawile and M-Mawile or Absol, Banette, Medicham (who were not OU worthy to begin with)

Normal Lucario is still useful, but it's not going to have anywhere near the viable moveset options that its Mega Evo has. Normal will almost certainly stick to SD set it does best, while Mega is much less predictable.

 

[TheMohZone]

Prophet:
I say that M-Lucario is a "poor" choice for a mega for two reasons:
1. M-Lucario is simply a Lucario that's bulkier with a useful ability and although it is incredibly strong, it doesn't really bring to the table what regular Lucario can't. In the end, you'll still either run a SD set, a Nasty Plot set or a 4-attack set.
2. Regular Lucario is still plenty useful, might want to pour your single mega into something that ain't too useful without its mega evolution. For example, the gap between the power of normal lucario and m-lucario is small compared to the gap between the power of normal Mawile and M-Mawile or Absol, Banette, Medicham (who were not OU worthy to begin with)

TheMohZone:
Sorry your sarcasm is overwhelming your message, not sure I understand. And your use of Nuke and Luke and stuff are hurting my head.

it runs a significantly more powerful, Faster set thats what. It is miles ahead of Any other Mega still in OU not named Kanga. its Close combat is disgustingly powerful, as is its Bullet Punch. Its mixed sets and special sets are much better than normal luc too. its notr even a case of LO luke out damages it, this thing sets up much easier. it also CAN run these special sets, normal Luke really shouldn't.

The Nuke/Luke thing is simple. Kangaskhan is a Nuke, Lucario is significantly less powerful but still its power eclipses the rest of OU.

now the sarcasm.

your post implies every mega will be OU. that can't happen. not every mega is good enough for one, Mega Manetric and Houndoom being standouts, Heracross doesn't have a snowballs chance in hell. not only are these megas competing with other pokemon to fill a role, they compete with each other for a slot due to the nature of megas. its gonna take an exceptional mega to be OU in the long run. we can knock out the likes of TTar Luke and Gyarados who would be OU anyway. Then we have the truly exceptional megas, Like the destructive power of the MegaZards (Along with their mind games) who are tiered as Charizard, Not MegaZardX/Y (this covers most of my post but i will continue) or...theres actually very few other outstanding megas. Mawile or Medicham are probably next in line. Now the rest of the megas. will see use, due to their nature of Shiny new toys, but again, they compete with each other and to be OU they need to be on 3% approx of teams. they won't pull that with mega competition and things like Genesect, TTar Heatran Talonflame Rotom W and Luke hogging usage.

now for UU. if all these megas can't make OU, where do they go? so i ask how would Noivern be broke in a UU full of Megas (Last years UU will basically be this years RU, bar a couple of threats.) and things like Haxorous and Metagross? it wouldn't

hope that clears shit up.

 

[Richitt]

Mega Aggron seems quite mediocre to me, to be honest.
It just seems like a Rhyperior with better typing.

It also loses the recoil-less Head Smashes for filter (which isn't bad, but still).

 

[TheMohZone]

Mega Aggron seems quite mediocre to me, to be honest.
It just seems like a Rhyperior with better typing.

It also loses the recoil-less Head Smashes for filter (which isn't bad, but still).

its not bad per say, it takes hits well which is a different purpose to normal Gron but it has 0 forms of recovery. its mediocre at best without Wish support. With wish support its a decent UU level tank.

 

[bwebber]

lol. Mega Luc's CC does 60% more damage than regular Luc's. That's obscenely more powerful and is not just a stat increase. Not to mention its massive increase in speed also indirectly makes it even more powerful since it doesn't need priority as much.

 

[Thorhammer]

lol. Mega Luc's CC does 60% more damage than regular Luc's. That's obscenely more powerful and is not just a stat increase. Not to mention its massive increase in speed also indirectly makes it even more powerful since it doesn't need priority as much.

LO Lucario: 350*1.3*120*1.5 = 81900
Mega Lucario: 427*120*2 = 102480

That's a 25% increase, not a 60% one. Rough estimates rather than the full damage formula, but they're close enough. It's a big gain, no doubt, but let's keep it in perspective.

 

[bwebber]

LO Lucario: 350*1.3*120*1.5 = 81900
Mega Lucario: 427*120*2 = 102480

That's a 25% increase, not a 60% one. Rough estimates rather than the full damage formula, but they're close enough. It's a big gain, no doubt, but let's keep it in perspective.

Right. Forgot about LO.

 

[DaiGuren]

Why is MegaLuke > Luke even discussed?

The biggest thing that's holding back normal Luke is its bad speed(for a sweeper) and inacess to a speed boosting move. Even if it has access to 3 kinds of priorities, it lacks the raw power to make use of it unlike Scizor and Mamoswine.

Now when MegaLuke evolves, its speed becomes a staggering 115 base speed, which allows it to forgo priority moves and just outright go for Adaptability boosted Close Combats, Aura Spheres, Flash Cannons after one SD/NP as it will outrun most notable unscarfed threats like to it.

@ topic

I do think that the two MegaZards belong comfortably in OU. ZardY acts like a Wallbreaking Volcarona while ZardX belongs with the dragon dancers Salamence, Haxorus and Dragonite, with the niche of having two viable, powerful STABs and is the best dragon dancer to run a mixed set(it has the highest Sp.Atk out of all the dragons in OU only equal to Latios) and immunity to burns at the cost of a mega-slot.

 

[Ropeburn]

I'm going to bring up something I haven't really seen discussed much: What does everyone think of Genesect? I've been using it a lot, and I still find it to be....rather potent, to say the least.

 

[DaiGuren]

I'm going to bring up something I haven't really seen discussed much: What does everyone think of Genesect? I've been using it a lot, and I still find it to be....rather potent, to say the least.

After using Genesect, I firmly that, at the least, Gene is a top tier OU threat. Maybe it's the power creep that allowed him back into OU, but Genesect is still unmatched at what it does. Scouting its moveset could prove fatal because of its notable coverage against everything. In my humble and meek opinion, Genesect does not deserve to be in OU although I've been using it to a great extent.

 

[FurryGah]

Why is MegaLuke > Luke even discussed?

The biggest thing that's holding back normal Luke is its bad speed(for a sweeper) and inacess to a speed boosting move. Even if it has access to 3 kinds of priorities, it lacks the raw power to make use of it unlike Scizor and Mamoswine.

Now when MegaLuke evolves, its speed becomes a staggering 115 base speed, which allows it to forgo priority moves and just outright go for Adaptability boosted Close Combats, Aura Spheres, Flash Cannons after one SD/NP as it will outrun most notable unscarfed threats like to it.

@ topic

I do think that the two MegaZards belong comfortably in OU. ZardY acts like a Wallbreaking Volcarona while ZardX belongs with the dragon dancers Salamence, Haxorus and Dragonite, with the niche of having two viable, powerful STABs and is the best dragon dancer to run a mixed set(it has the highest Sp.Atk out of all the dragons in OU only equal to Latios) and immunity to burns at the cost of a mega-slot.

Just a few minor corrections. Lucario has access to Agility and when it Mega Evolves it has 112 base speed.

 

[DaiGuren]

Just a few minor corrections. Lucario has access to Agility and when it Mega Evolves it has 112 base speed.

Ow. I didn't see it in most smogon analysis :[

My point remains though, if MegaLuke decides to use Agility it will not have the raw power to sweep reliably.

 

[Spiegelmann]

All the talk about "why use mega x why you can use mega y?" needs to stop. Megas are great, sure, but there's absolutely no need to force a mega onto your team if you don't really need or want a particular one on your team. Maybe you build a team and are in need of a physical sweeper, don't already have a mega on your team and mega Lucario (or any mega, for that matter) fits your typing and helps your team reach its goal more easily than any other physical/ special sweeper you've considered. (just assume mega kang will be banned)

Mega pokemon are still simply pokemon. Use them if they have good stats, movesets, and fit well with your team like you would consider any other pokemon.

 

[TheMohZone]

All the talk about "why use mega x why you can use mega y?" needs to stop. Megas are great, sure, but there's absolutely no need to force a mega onto your team if you don't really need or want a particular one on your team. Maybe you build a team and are in need of a physical sweeper, don't already have a mega on your team and mega Lucario (or any mega, for that matter) fits your typing and helps your team reach its goal more easily than any other physical/ special sweeper you've considered. (just assume mega kang will be banned)

Mega pokemon are still simply pokemon. Use them if they have good stats, movesets, and fit well with your team like you would consider any other pokemon.

obviously. Megas Aren't necessary, although i can see little to no circumstances where you won't run one, they are that good. no its a comparison tht has to be made. If the Megas do the same roll, such as Pinsir and Luke and Kanga, why run the former when the latter exists. and if you wanted to use Mega Aggron as a wall, now you can't cause your running A sweeping Mega.

the reason these discussions are brought up is cause every Mega competes with each other as well as pokemon who aren't Megas and do the same roll for a slot. not because they are guaranteed a slot.

 

[TwoBit]

I don't think base stats or destructive should be deciding fact for Noivern. Its viability hinges on how useful frisk will be in the OU metagame as it is arguably the best abuser of it. At the very least it'll be usable given the tools it has to abuse it effectively.

About Mega Lucario, one thing we're overlooking is that it can pull off Swords Dance/Nasty plot better than regular Lucario thanks to its speed and bulk whereas regular Lucario is easily revenge killed thanks mediocre speed and bulk.

 

[NotSoClutch]

I don't think base stats or destructive should be deciding fact for Noivern. Its viability hinges on how useful frisk will be in the OU metagame as it is arguably the best abuser of it. At the very least it'll be usable given the tools it has to abuse it effectively.

About Mega Lucario, one thing we're overlooking is that it can pull off Swords Dance/Nasty plot better than regular Lucario thanks to its speed and bulk whereas regular Lucario is easily revenge killed thanks mediocre speed and bulk.

Frisk isnt all that useful to be honest. By the time you get your noivern out to check the item you should already know the item. Noiverns usage will come because of its ability to take on threats that like using subs. Either with boomburst or infiltrator, noivern can break stall. Things like swag keys, trevenant, and gliscor should always be wary of noivern. Frisk is definitely nice if you use noivern as a scout in the early game, but its probably the best sound attack/infiltrator user we have as well.

 

[TwoBit]

Frisk isnt all that useful to be honest. By the time you get your noivern out to check the item you should already know the item. Noiverns usage will come because of its ability to take on threats that like using subs. Either with boomburst or infiltrator, noivern can break stall. Things like swag keys, trevenant, and gliscor should always be wary of noivern. Frisk is definitely nice if you use noivern as a scout in the early game, but its probably the best sound attack/infiltrator user we have as well.

Scarf Chandelure outclasses Noivern if we're taking into account substitute and screens users. It also as better stats and STABs for the job, given that the most popular setter seems to be Klefki, though it has to be wary of swagger foul play.

 

[NotSoClutch]

Scarf Chandelure outclasses Noivern if we're taking into account substitute and screens users. It also as better stats and STABs for the job, given that the most popular setter seems to be Klefki, though it has to be wary of swagger foul play.

Chandelure is solid as well, but noivern can afford to run specs in OU because of its speed making it more powerful overall than chandelure (not that chandelure isn't powerful and its stabs still hit most of the threats I listed harder now that I take the time to think about it). Noiverns specs Draco meteor is deadly and can devestate any team without a steel or fairy type and its also able to run u-turn to gain momentum against opponents who aren't ready to lose a specific Pokemon yet. While chandelure may be better in theory at breaking down sub users, noivern can potentially hit harder (using their most common sets) and has more than one task. If you do want to abuse frisk though, might I suggest specs with boom burst for a similarly devestating revenge killer that can carry boom burst to hit through subs and u-turn to pivot and scout items?

 

[SuperMeep]

I've gone through the list, can't think of a single mega that won't be in OU.

The iffys

Manetric
The first thing you see when you look at it's mega stats, is honestly: Wow that sucks. The stats really are subpar, and if anything, it is by far the most deserving of being in UU of all the megas. But it does have a saving grace. Lightning rod and intimidate. Paired with say gyarados, specifically the rage inducing parashuffler, people lose all sense of prediction and go for t-bolt in rage. The manetric gets a sp attack boost, megas, and sweeps EVERYTHING. The doggy breathes both fire and lightning combined with hp ice, and volt switch, make this a hard dog to pin down. That lightning rod alone may give it a boost into OU. Maybe.

Banette.
Your probably thinking: banette, thats a joke right? RU. Nope, Prankster! 165 attack combined with thing like, i don't know: PRIORITY destiny bond. Its insane. Its ability to freely pick and choose who it wants to kill, means you cannot take this thing down without sacrifice, good luck blissey toxic stalling it, 165 attack. Its bulk lets it take things like a timid choicespecs heatran fire blast. It may even be banned to ubers, hey they did it w/ wynaut, thanks to custap destiny bond. Take that, remove the berry reliance, and add 165 base attack, and oh god, its MEGA BANETTE.

Aggron
Filter plus mono steel, with the highest stat of all time, 230 def. 230. combine that with filter, and terrakion is getting a 3HKO, at best. It also ohkos back with iron head after the close combat debuff. That is just awesome. It also has 140 attack, but it's main problem is lack of reliable recover, but with it's bulk, it can literally wait out the rest, and with sleep counter revamped, that improves the problem. This thing will be borderline at the least, with 140 attack, and 230 def, this thing is a juggernaut viable even in Ubers.

Houndoom
Fire blast + stab + sunny day + solar power = the closest thing we have in pokemon to a nuclear warhead. Even with the debuff, this thing can easily nail down kills with suns shortened time, thanks to its sheer power.

Abomasnow
132/132 attacking stats. It can hit with devastating force on both sides of the spectrum making it a nightmare to wall. Its has access to priority, 100% accuracy blizzard, and wood hammer. I just wish for the weather mega evos (ttar and snowman) that there mega form could take advantage of the weather they just summoned. like ice body, or something. but OU for sure, even with the ice dino as competition, abomasnow isn't just a weather setter, he's a weather Sweeper that can hit with huge power on both sides of the spectrum.

Heracross
Reasonable bulk, plus the highest BASE attack stat in the game. It can also freely break subs, with skill link and the move pool to back it up, including arm thrust, rock blast, bullet seed, and pin missile. Its great, plus it's sheer power FORCES switches allowing it ample chances to set up swords dance. Skarmory, smarmory. OU for sure, imagine this thing with sticky web support, running around killing everything. Dragonites everywhere quake in fear, as multi-scale is rendered utterly useless.

Gardevoir
It has 165 base special attack combined with base 100 speed, with pixilate, giving it stab + for whatever reason a free 1.3x boost on moves altered, and one or too moves to back it up. Its typing and bulk give it free switch in opportunities everywhere. Dragons beware, M-gardevior is here. Most people point blank underestimate just how speedy it is, making their dragons fresh meat. Also, the shiny form wears funeral garb. Guess who's funeral. (the dragons of OU, and Uber.)

Aerodactyl.
The mega counter, outspeeding even mewtwo y, and tieing with M-Alakazam (outspeeding him first turn) this prehistoric beast has tough claws, and the moveset to back it up, such as crunch and ice fang. Not even M-gengar was safe, outsped and OHKO'd by crunch, and garchomp gets OHKO'd by ice fang. Quake in fear, Aerodactyl is here. NO megas are safe, not even mewtwo y, getting OHKOd.

Ampharos
SOOOOO BULKY. While slow as a 2 legged normal sheep, this sheep shoots lighting bolts. Amp may be slow, but it's bulk, power, and move pool (including power gem) make it an OU staple. It's hair is so awesome, abilities are rendered useless in it's rampage. Also, no one cares about not having draco meteor, dragon pulse is the better option.

Any that i missed? All the megas, are well mega. even Manetric will at least be OU viable, and the rest all have their niche.

 

[SuperMeep]

Greninja: OU, ability to run both a physical and a special set + STAB on all moves, pretty good speed, workable attacking stats.
Talonflame: OU, ability to run different sets, strongest priority in the game, pretty good speed, workable physical attack stat.
Aegislash: OU, ability to run both a physical and a special set, very nice typing, mind games to be played, incredible atk/def stat (depending on form)
Goodra: OU, ability to run both a physical and a special set, pseudo-legendary, vast movepool, incredible defensive stats and workable attacking stats
Trevenant: BL, high chance to outlive any enemy pokemon, workable movepool, workable defensive stats
Noivern: BL+/OU, ability to use multiple powerful moves, very good speed, workable sp. atk stat, not bulky enough though and only viable set is Choice Specs (1-trick pony)
Zygarde: BL+/OU, high base stat total (in comparison with non-legendaries), terrible typing, average movepool, might see play as a Dragon Dance set
---------
Azumarill: OU, ability to run different sets, huge power, fairy-typing makes it into a dragon slayer, decent bulk
Togekiss: OU, ability to switch into common threats, paraflinch hax, decent bulk, workable moveset, nice typing

Megas:
M-Venusaur: OU, high base atk and def stats, ability helps cover some typing disadvantages
M-Charizard X: BL+/OU, makes opponent wonder which mega stone you're holding, very decent atk and speed, best used as a Dragon Dance set, still needs to use a turn to mega evolve (= stealth rock damage)
M-Charizard Y: OU, insta-sun, very high sp. atk, very decent speed (high with timid), sadly still takes a lot from Stealth Rock
M-Blastoise: BL+/OU, arguably one of the most powerful rapid spinners, ability does limit it however
M-Alakazam: OU, incredibly fast, extremely high Sp. Atk, above average moveset, normal alakazam's magic guard protects it from Stealth Rocks, extremely fragile/should be used as a glass cannon, Trace is extremely random (can get bizarre abilities or powerful ones like Parental Bond), should be viewed as a Life Orb Alakazam
M-Kanghaskan: OU+/Uber?, best SD in game, workable bulk and speed, ability to run both a physical and a special set, arguable most easily obtainable +2 sucker punches in the game, uber ranking possibility being looked into
M-Pinsir: OU, strongest quick attack in the game?, workable stats, workable movepool, can gain moxie boost before mega evolving, one of the neatest ability in the game
M-Gyarados: OU, should be treated like a different gyarados set, nothing more
M-Aerodactyl: BL+, very nice speed, best used as taunt set, not bulky enough to sweep easily, needs to be looked into further
M-Ampharos: BL, unnessary typing and hair, relatively usely ability, terrible speed, average movepool, high sp.atk
M-Scizor: OU, very nice typing, unnessary mega evolution (choice band scizor is arguably better), can learn defog and grab momentum with u-turn, very nice stats all-over
M-Heracross: OU, skill link rock blast + pin missile + arm thrust, might consider running normal Hera over mega, ugly, very high physical stats, average speed
M-Houndoom: Similar to M-Alakazam (- Magic Guard and Trace), not best ability, can't bring out full potential unless under sun
M-Ttar: OU, very high base stat, ability to run physical, special, support sets, brings in sand through sand stream
M-Gardevoir: OU, typing turns it into a Dragon Slayer, very high special stats, workable speed and movepool
M-Mawile: OU, huge power gives it insanely high attack, very decent defensive stats, workable movepool
M-Aggron: OU, high physical attack stat and defensive stats, workable movepool, ability helps out typing issues, loses the ability to take Twaves
M-Medicham: OU, pure power gives high attack, very decent stats, workable movepool, more or less useful typing
M-Manectric: BL+/OU, linear playstyle, high speed and special attack, workable defensive stats, one-trick pony,
M-Banette: OU, access to one of the most powerful abilities in the game, high physical attack stat, average bulk
M-Absol: BL+/OU, access to Magic Bounce, high physical attack and speed, decent movepool, not to be put into same category as Espeon and Xatu because it needs to use a turn to mega-evolve before being able to bounce stuff
M-Garchomp: OU, bulkier version of regular Garchomp, loses some speed, ability needs sand to bring out full potential
M-Lucario: OU, access to one of the best abilities in the game, retains very nice typing, ability to run both a physical or a special set, very decent speed, might be a waste of a mega though (same situation as Scizor)
M-Abomasnow: OU, bulkier version of regular Abomasnow, slowest among Megas and slow among regular pokemon, very decent attack stats, ability to run both a physical and special set, access to Snow Warning

Other than blastoise this sums up OU. How does Blastoise's ability limit it?. huh? Also Zygarde gets coil, look into that.

 

[thedeafelectrician]

Abomasnow may end up UU, especially since weather isn't perma anyone, and I know its mega has scary attack stats but it's slow as dirt and remember that it can't hold an item to boost those stats. 132/132 is still weaker than 100/100 with life orb, which multiple things have in UU. It's still weak to all hazards (except sticky web I guess), and still has one of the absolute worst defensive typings possible.

Manectric is probably UU too, it's pretty outclassed by Raikou unless you really like overheat, but then again overheat makes it setup bait after a kill. Raikou has better bulk, doesn't take a mega spot, can run way more sets, is able to hold different items, etc. I just don't see any reason to run manectric unless you really want your electric type to outspeed base 116+ pokemon.

Aero is probably the closest either way, although I wouldn't be surprised if they BL'd even if the usage stats didn't make it OU. It's weak to priority, but that's what teammates are for. It's weak to rocks, but learns roost. Tough claws helps give it great coverage, but the coverage moves (fangs and such) themselves aren't that strong. Hard to say, hard to say....

 

[Richitt]

It was UU last gen (abomosnow).