a week or two ago I took it upon myself to read Anthem - Ayn Rand so here is my analysis of it
What I gathered from the book was the idea of human individualism being the peak of the human experience. I have not read Atlas Shrugged or any of her other works so I'm not sure if they are more economically based or not, but I didn't see any arguments towards the stereotypical 'capitalism vs communism' struggle. Rather I viewed the material from the lens of the ego.
The story starts off similar to the Giver, if anyone's ever read that. It's a very dystopian world, where the people lack their own autonomy. All actions undertaken are for the collective and dissent is forbidden. People have no 'real' names to signify independence, their jobs are chosen by the elders who's jobs were chosen by them, and there are remnants of a caste system in place in the setting in Anthem. Individuals are forbidden to love or seek a relationship that is outside of the "designated mating time," all aspects of the history before the collective takes over are forbidden. There is no 'I' there is only "we" and this is reflected in the language throughout the novella save the last chapter. All of this is some critique of the social environment that Ayn Rand escaped from, presumably, pre world war 2 USSR. Since the story situates entirely upon the lone individual, I failed to see any arguments that Rand made specifically about economics, or even a political argument.
The story starts off with the individual of the book going about his day per usual until he is assigned his position within society - Street Sweeper. He desperately wants to be a Scholar and believes he has the talent for doing so. While undertaking his duties he finds a secret tunnel which is said to be outside the gaze of the collective, an area from "the forgotten time." The individual meets a woman and finds himself fascinated with her, lingering his gaze on her and exhibiting symptoms of love. They are forbidden to meet except for the designated mating time which even then there is no guarantee they will be assigned together, but after the original trespass of finding the secret tunnel, the individual approaches the woman and they enter a relationship amongst each other, keeping secrets from the collective. The individual ends up discovering electricity within the tunnel. During the climax of the novella the individual bursts into the chambers of the Scholars to present them his discovery, and try to usher a new era of their knowledge. He is swiftly shut down as they fear that advancement, discern that he did forbidden things and brought forbidden knowledge, and chased out of the town. It is here where the man and woman find a cabin reclaimed by nature, an area outside of the collective's gaze, and it is here where they learn "the forbidden word" that is "I."
That is a short enough summary of the book, a very quick paced dystopian novella. The setting is very much hyperbolic, it is an extreme absence of the ego in which man lives to serve other man. There is no "I" only "we" and the character's struggle is discerning the meaning of his life in the nature of this fact. I thought it fascinating this argument even though I thought it was devolving from some ascension. Rand argues throughout the novella that it is individual struggles that encapsulate the human condition, and in some ways I think she is right. Analyzing from a Buddhist / Brahman angle it is only when suffering is recognized as a fact of living that true appreciation for the good can be realized; In another sense, the departure from individualism to collectivism has an end goal of the elimination of suffering. An elimination of starvation, of failure to realize one's dreams, of failure to maintain a relationship, of breaking the impermanence of life through a collective unity. Yet, it is through this tactic that the human condition is reduced from a life to an experience, devoid of feelings and emotions and trials and triumphs.
On the other hand the novella implicitly argues toward recognizance of the ego, of the individual, as peak humanity. Humanity is self-actualized through giving in to the "I" within them. I think this argument is wrought with pride and from a theological standpoint inherently wrong. In analyzing it from a Brahman-esque point of view, the goal of humanity should be to realize their place within the circle and to transcend suffering by recognizance of the One. Another sense would be to analyze it from a Heraclitean viewpoint, the unity of opposites and a constant state of flux within the universe being the one truth. When I described my thoughts after the book to my girlfriend I used a metaphor. It was almost like the arguments of Truth as I understood them were going one way, from individual I to collectivist we, on one side of a highway; on the other side of the highway was Rand, with the exact opposite argument.
I wished to read this book because I have heard a great many people disparage the author online, calling her arguments incoherent, outright wrong, and her literary style amateurish, as well as a greater sect of people who I suspect have never actually read any of the material but know Ayn Rand as "the libertarian bible" and so stigmatize her for that. I wished to read it to make my own assumptions. From a literary standpoint I think the only reason I was able to stomach Anthem was because it was only 100 pages. The writing was very choppy and hard to digest. It was certainly amateurish considering modern standards. I am unsure if I were to read something like Atlas Shrugged, which I have heard is maybe 10x as long, if I would actually be able to handle it I think I would be bored to tears at the end. From a political standpoint, the arguments made in this book were non-existent. There was the implicit critique of communism through a pitting of collectivism vs individualism, but certainly it was much more about the social aspects of the latter. It was an interesting enough book to read, at the least.
I think the next two I am going to read are Judith Butler's Performative Acts and Bodies that Matter, the former of which I have already started