Many great points have already been made in this thread, but I'd still like to throw in my 2 cents.
dex said:1. How important is STAB given that we want to utilize Diamond Storm? Would certain roles appreciate STAB on it more than others?
Rock can be decent non-STAB coverage, especially in conjuction with Ground, Fire, Bug, Grass, and Flying STAB. However, there's not many reasons I see why many Pokémon would choose Diamond Storm as physical Rock coverage over Stone Edge. If we don't go with the Rock STAB route, I'm afraid we wouldn't be doing much other than offering CAP31 a slightly more accurate Stone Edge, which is incredibly underwhelming for a "Forbidden Fruit" concept.
That being said, offensive roles would certainly appreciate the move as both STAB and non-STAB more than a defensive role would. Offensive non-STAB Pokémon like LO Lando-T, Mega Pinsir, Blaziken use Stone Edge as coverage for ice, fire, and flying types. However, a defensive Pokémon would much rather use a stronger support move like Toxic, Roar, Rapid Spin, Stealth Rock, and the like. I'm afraid that a 50% chance to boost defense simply just doesn't offer that level of guaranteed usefulness.
dex said:2. What types synergize well coverage-wise with Diamond Storm?
We all know this, but it's good to get down on paper. Rock is strong against Bug, Flying, Fire, and Ice, and resisted by Fighting, Ground, and Steel. We can now look at this in 2 ways: What Type Coverage helps Rock STAB, and what Types are helped by Rock coverage?
Rock STAB Synergy
| Types | Fighting | Ground | Steel |
| Ice | □ | ☆ | - |
| Fighting | □ | □ | ☆ |
| Ground | □ | □ | ☆ |
| Steel | □ | □ | - |
| Fire | □ | □ | ☆ |
| Water | □ | ☆ | □ |
| Grass | □ | ☆ | - |
| Electric | □ | ○ | □ |
| Normal | □ | □ | - |
| Bug | - | □ | - |
| Dark | - | □ | □ |
| Psychic | ☆ | □ | - |
| Ghost | □ | □ | □ |
| Flying | ☆ | □ | - |
| Poison | □ | - | ○ |
| Fairy | ☆ | □ | - |
| Dragon | □ | □ | - |
○ = no effect
- = resistance
□ = neutral
☆ = super effective
In a pure vacuum, Fighting, Ground, Fire, Water, and surpringly Ghost, all have good synergy with Rock, hitting all 3 of the types that resist Rock for at least Neutral Damage.
However, looking past the pure vacuum is where we will find the true strengths of synergy with STAB Diamond Storm. The best Fighting, Grounds, and Steels in the meta are best countered by some pretty interesting types.
Arghonaut, Tomohawk, Kerfluffle, Revenankh, Voodoom, Buzzwole, Urshifu, and Gapdos are all hit for super-effective damage by Fairy and Flying coverage alone, and most are hit for at least neutral damage in conjunction with Diamond Storm by Psychic (SE on all except Voodoom), Fighting (not Kerfluffle or Revenankh), Ground (all of them), Electric (SE on Arghonaut, Tomohawk, Urshifu, and Gapdos, no effect on Voodoom), Fire (not Arghonaut and Urshifu), Grass (all of them), Water (not Arghonaut or Urshifu), Normal (not Revenankh), Ghost (not Voodoom), Poison (not Revenankh), and Dragon (all of them).
Landorus-T, Garchomp, Hippowdon, Fidgit, Equilibra, and Colossoil are all hit at least neutral by Ice, Water, and Grass coverage alone, while most of them are hit for at least neutral in conjunction with Diamond Storm by Ground (not Equilibra), Ghost (not Colossoil), Normal (not Equilibra), Fighting (not Fidgit), Steel (not Equilibra), Fire (not Garchomp), Dark (not Colossoil), Flying (not Equilibra), Dragon (not Equilibra), Psychic (not Colossoil and Equilibra), and Fairy (not Fidgit and Equilibra).
Cawmodore, Equilibra, Kitsunoh, Naviathan, Bisharp, Corviknight, Ferrothorn, Heatran, Kartana, Magnezone, Melmetal, and Scizor are not all hit by a single type for neutral damage alone, but most of them are hit for at least neutral damage in conjunction with Diamond Storm by Fighting (not Kitsunoh), Ground (not Equilibra), Fire (all of them), Water (not Naviathan, Kartana, or Ferrothorn), Electric (not Equilibra, Ferrothorn, or Kartana), Dark (not Bisharp), and Ghost (not Bisharp).
We begin to see some interesting patterns.
Fighting coverage does really well against the meta's Fighting types, Ground types, and Steel types, failing only to hit Kerfluffle, Revenankh, Fidgit, Kitsunoh, and a few rarer Pokémon like Aegislash for neutral damage in conjunction with Diamond Storm.
Electric coverage deserves special note as it does extremely well against the meta's Fighting and Steel types, even better against bulky waters that would give a Rock type a hard time, but completely fails to help against all the Ground types and Ferrothorns CAP31 could run into.
Fire type coverage does the exact opposite, giving at least neutral damage in conjunction with Diamond Storm to almost every single Fighting, Ground, and Steel type in the meta, at the cost of being much worse offensively against bulky waters, while notably being SE against most Steel types.
Water does a very similar thing to Fire, giving at least neutral damage in conjunction with Diamond Storm to every Fighting, Ground, and Steel types in the meta except for the bulky Water types and Ferrothorn, and notably hitting most Ground types for SE damage.
Ground unsurprisingly does similarly, as EdgeQuake hits every single Fighting, Ground, and Steel type in the meta for neutral damage, barring Equilibra alone.
Ghost coverage is a surprise candidate here that also deserves special note, as it appears to do at least neutral damage in conjunction with Diamond Storm to everything in the meta barring Voodoom, Colossoil, and Bisharp.
Rock Coverage Synergy
| Type | Bug | Fire | Flying | Ice |
| Ice | □ | - | ☆ | - |
| Fighting | - | □ | - | ☆ |
| Ground | - | ☆ | ○ | □ |
| Steel | □ | - | □ | ☆ |
| Fire | ☆ | - | □ | ☆ |
| Water | □ | ☆ | □ | □ |
| Grass | - | - | - | □ |
| Electric | □ | □ | ☆ | □ |
| Normal | □ | □ | □ | □ |
| Bug | - | - | - | □ |
| Dark | □ | □ | □ | □ |
| Psychic | □ | □ | □ | □ |
| Ghost | □ | □ | □ | □ |
| Flying | ☆ | □ | □ | □ |
| Poison | □ | □ | □ | □ |
| Fairy | □ | - | □ | □ |
| Dragon | □ | □ | □ | □ |
○ = no effect
- = resistance
□ = neutral
☆ = super effective
Again, in a pure vacuum, Rock coverage is useful for Ice, Fighting, Ground, Steel, Fire, Grass, Bug, and Fairy types, hitting at least 1 type that they can't hit neutrally. Rock is especially good coverage for Grass and Bug types, hitting Bug, Fire, Flying, and Ice super effectively, 4 types that Grass and Bug struggle against both offensively and defensively. It also makes good coverage for Ice, Fighting, and Ground types, hitting 2 types that they struggle against offensively, as well as helping Ground against the Ice types that they struggle against defensively.
There's less to look at beyond the vacuum in this section, since it's hard to analyze how good Rock coverage in Diamond Storm would be to a Pokémon without knowing at least 1 base type for it.
We should be good to just note for future discussions that Rock coverage synergizes well with Grass, Bug, Ice, Fighting, and Ground types both offensively and defensively.
dex said:3. Do we value narrowing the playing field with regards to what role CAP 31 will inhabit by giving it a more specified typing?
In my opinion, yes. As I've stated above, I do not believe that Diamond Storm's Defense boost offers enough utility to a defensive Pokémon to be worthwhile in fulfilling the concept set forth for CAP31. Diamond Storm as a strong, accurate, physical Rock type attack is better used as an offensive check or Counter to many of the modern CAP Meta threats.
Flying types are extremely strong right now. Cawmodore is arguably stronger than he's ever been, and while both Books have been slightly nerfed, they're still strong. Tomohawk has seen a rise, and Tornadus-T and Landorus-T are always good, alongside Zapdos, Gapdos, and Corviknight. While we could attempt to create a Defensive Pokémon to check or counter these powerful Flying types, I don't believe Diamond Storm as coverage alone will be the real reason why CAP31 would do well, which kind of goes against the concept.
If we want CAP31 to use the Forbidden Fruit of Diamond Storm as often as possible, we will want this Pokémon to use it primarily as a strong, offensive, Rock-type move with a useful secondary effect rather than use it as a quasi-setup move for its Defense, especially since it only has 8PP. The last thing you need for a move that you want to use defensively is such terribly low PP. You don't use Fire Blast or Steam Eruption for their Burn chance, you use them for their power first and foremost.
dex said:4. Diamond Storm has a powerful secondary effect that can improve CAP 31's matchup into physical attackers. What are common physical attacking types that CAP 31 can leverage Diamond Storm's secondary effect against effectively?
Flying types immediately come to mind, followed closely by Fighting, Ground, and Steel types. If we decide to give CAP31 Body Press alongside Diamond Storm, with either STAB or not, the Rock and Fighting coverage threatens many physical types like Flying, Steel, Dark, Ice, and Bug.
To sum everything up, I really believe that we ought to focus CAP31 into a more Offensive Type, especially with Rock STAB, to focus on Diamond Storm being a strong, accurate, physical Rock-type move with a useful secondary effect rather than a defensive setup tool.
Fire, Water, Grass, Ice, Fighting, Ground, Electric, and Ghost coverage all have decent-to-great offensive synergy with Diamond Storm, with special attention going to Fire, Fighting, and Ground for beating Steels hard but being weak against bulky Waters, Water and Ice for beating Grounds hard but being weak against bulky Waters, Grass for beating Grounds and bulky Waters but being weak against Steels, Electric for beating bulky Waters but being weak against Grounds, and Ghost for being good at hitting everything offensively in exchange for not having a strength against bulky Waters.