Very likely, Staryu is a big reference to Japanese pop culture icon Ultramanjapanese staryu (hitodeman) has long been my "why did they name it this" Pokemon top 5,
- Staryu's red core is similar to Ultraman's iconic colour timer
- Staryu's anime cry ("Shyah!") is also similar to the cries the original Ultraman and many others make
- Staryu and Starmie in many Pokédex entries are alluded to be from space or at least have some connection with it
- Staryu and Starmie have many beam-type attacks in their movesets
- "Hitodeman", literally "Starfishman" follows the naming scheme many hero shows at the time would use. For instance, the company that created Ultraman following its success produced shows such as Mirrorman and Fireman
- The "Ultra Star" is a very common setpiece in Ultraman lore and associated themes; in particular it's what the protagonist of 1971's popular series Return of Ultraman called upon to transform
- As laid out here, Gen 1 Pokémon in particular had a LOT of Kaiju influence; many Kaiju in the original Ultraman also used the common '-don' suffix and the concept of Poké Balls as a whole is also thought to be influenced by the very popular Ultraseven's Ultra Capsules. Having a creature influenced by hero characters in amongst all these Kaiju fits the bill
- If any of this seems weak evidence, here's an official video from the Pokémon company featuring Staryu using beam attacks against the kaiju-inspired (as established in this document) Rhydon complete with a theme song and opening characteristic of 60s and 70s Tokusatsu such as Ultraman
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