Can someone recommend a few introductory-level logic and/or philosophy books?
bertrand russell's history of western philosophy is really good. he's a funny dude, and a very sensible one - and he's one of the most important philosophers of the twentieth century, so he's speaking from a position of knowledge. he wrote it during the second world war, so he doesn't get into anything past dewey. (there's a chapter on logical analysis, but no wittgenstein yet, which is a great shame. and there's nothing on frege, and for some reason he completely skips over kierkegaard? odd, because i feel like kierkegaard should appeal to russell.)
it's a long read, and it can be very dry (the section on medieval and catholic philosophy is a slog), but i don't know of any work that offers a more sensible, critical and, where biased, openly biased view of philosophy. there isn't any worship in russell's writing, if there's a hole in a philosopher's logic, he will tear it wide open.
you will also want to read something to cover kierkegaard, wittgenstein, sartre, derrida, quine, russell himself, and a few other important dudes so maybe a primer on 20th century philosophy will suit your needs. a lot of critics believe (to a large extent i agree) that russell pretty severely misunderstands or misrepresents kant, so read some other sources on him.
don't be daunted, the study of philosophy is going to completely change your way of thinking and your critical thinking abilities. nothing is more worthwhile than acquiring at least a cursory knowledge of its history.
ANYWAY this seems like a good time to say: hey akuchi! once you said schopenhauer was a cunt, and i said "hey schopenhauer wasn't a cunt :(" guess what, turns out he was a total cunt
dude pushed an old woman down a flight of stairs because she was in his way
i rescind my poor past judgments re: schopenhauer, akuchi