You can do everything listed there with facebook. There's the notes application, which you can make public so that it's like a blog post, or more privately so that only your friends or some of your friends can see it.also Here's what I love about Google+ in general and the Google+ Diet in particular:
Instead of saying, "I'm going to write a blog post now," or "I'm going to send an e-mail" or "I think I'll tweet something" you simply say what you have to say, then decide who you're going to say it to.
If you address it to "Public," it's a blog post.
If you address it to "Your Circles" it's a tweet.
If you address it to your "My Customers" Circle it's a business newsletter.
If you address it to a single person, it can be a letter to your mother.
I'd say this is pretty revolutionary. *snip*
You can update your facebook status, which is essentially like a tweet (though twitter is rather gay)
You can send facebook messages to anyone, as well, so those can be like a business newsletter, an email sent out to all your friends, or a letter to your mother.
Privacy settings can be edited on facebook if you're not a dumbass. Just click the lock thingy next to the "share" button when you make posts. Videos and photos can be included if you click the little icons, too.
tl;dr:
Sooooo pretty much the only advantage google+ actually has over facebook is the ability to group video chat. Otherwise, they're on equal ground, and FB comes up ahead for me because that's where the vast majority of my friends are.