The most efficient way would be the following one:
1) Start with Bulbasaur.
2) Use the blackout variation of the Ditto Glitch in Viridian Forest to get a Level 1 Pokémon of the Medium-Slow experience group, then do one battle with it. This way you can get a Level 100 Pokémon to roll past everything.
3) Get to Pewter City, and use the Brock Skip Glitch to walk through walls and arrive to Celadon City. Make sure you don't get out of bounds in the process. Once you get to Celadon, get into any building.
4) Get a drink and skip the guards.
5) Go to Cerulean City and get an Abra. (Alternatively, you can use the Brock Skip Glitch, get an Abra, return to Pewter City, and do the glitch again to go to Celadon; this way you can avoid battling the Rival and the Nugget Bridge, but you have to ensure you don't break the conditions for the Skip glitch)
6) Use the Ditto Glitch to remove the Snorlax south of Lavender Town (that's what the Abra's for).
With this, you have a significant portion of the game unlocked, with no badges at all.
By this point you can safely get the Super Rod, fish the Poliwhirl and trade it for a Jynx.